Discover the 10 fundamental principles used by Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger to build wealth over decades.
Price is what you pay, value is what you get. Intrinsic value is the true worth of a company based on its cash flow, not market sentiment. Buy when the price is lower than this value.
An economic moat is a durable competitive advantage. Whether it's a strong brand like Apple or a low-cost structure, moats protect companies from competitors like a castle's water trench.
Always buy at a significant discount to intrinsic value. This margin protects your capital from human errors in calculation or unexpected market crashes.
Know what you don't know. You don't need to understand every tech startup; you only need to invest in businesses whose operations and future you clearly understand.
Imagine the market as a manic-depressive partner. Some days he's euphoric and offers to buy your shares for a fortune; other days he panics and sells cheap. Use Mr. Market to your advantage, don't let him guide your emotions.
The eighth wonder of the world. Building wealth requires time. Reinvesting your dividends and letting your money grow untouched for decades is the true secret of the Oracle of Omaha.
Investing is buying a piece of a real business. Speculating is buying a stock just hoping someone else will pay more for it tomorrow. We are investors, not gamblers.
The stock market is a device for transferring money from the impatient to the patient. You don't need to trade every day; you need to make a few good decisions and wait.
If you don't have the time to analyze individual stocks, investing consistently in an S&P 500 Index Fund (like VOO) will outperform 90% of professional Wall Street managers.
Charlie Munger taught us to build a "latticework of mental models" from psychology, math, and history to make rational decisions and avoid common human biases.
Having capital to invest is the first step, but knowing where to allocate it requires understanding the language of profitability. In reality, these terms are simple tools to answer three questions: How much is left? Is it real money? Is it expensive or cheap?
This is "the bottom line." It represents what remains in the company's pocket after paying all expenses, taxes, and interests. It indicates whether the business is profitable on paper.
Buffett’s favorite metric. While Net Income is a calculated accounting figure, FCF is the actual oxygen (cash) entering the business after maintaining its operations. As the saying goes: "Profit is an opinion, cash is a fact."
The market's price tag. It tells you how much you are paying for every dollar of profit. It helps compare if a stock is historically expensive or cheap compared to its peers.